Asian Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation

Multi-Hop Clustering Hybrid Architecture in VANET for Safety Message Propagation

Roopa A M, Shobha Biradar

Reva Institute of Technology and Management, Rukmini Knowledge Park, Kattigenahalli, Yelahanka, Near Border Security Bustop, Bengaluru, Karnataka-560064, India.

Abstract

Many VANET researches shows IEEE 802.11p as the most commonly used communication method. IEEE 802.11p constitutes the basic communication design criteria used in vehicular networks represents the standard for Wireless Access for Vehicular Environments (WAVE). WAVE standard is also referred as traditional standard for Vehicular Networks. In the networks employing only WAVE standard, the broadcast storm which results in network meltdown and network connectivity issues at high and low vehicle densities respectively. The network meltdown results in degradation of the delay involved and delivery ratio of secure message distribution/propagation. Most recent researches show an alternative approach to the WAVE based VANET. An alternative approach involves the usage of an existing cellular technology due to their low latency and huge area coverage communication. A pure telecommunication based VANET is not recommended due to the high cost of resources involved in communication between the mobile modes and the base stations or enhanced node base stations in case of LTE networks and huge number of hand-offs at the base station or eNodeB due to high mobility of the vehicles in the VANET. In this research hybrid architecture is proposed. Hybrid architecture involves the use of traditional WAVE/IEEE 802.11p standard for short range communications and use of cellular technology for wide range communication in VANET. The proposed hybrid architecture namely VMaSC-LTE, involves formation of multiple hop clusters and the fourth generation telecommunication system, LTE(Long Term Evolution), to achieve best data packet delivery ratio and negligible delay using the cellular infrastructure at very negligible level. In this hybrid architecture, vehicles are grouped together using a best approach called VMaSC: Vehicular Multi-hop algorithm for Stable vehicular nodes cluster formation. The relative node mobility parameter will be calculated as the average speed in respect to neighboring vehicle. Using algorithm on node mobility factor we will select group head CH. It involves least overhead due to direct connectivity between the neighbor which is already a head or member of another group. Thus member of group distributes the packet within HELLO data packets which are sent at periodic interval of time, reactive grouping to maintain cluster structure with useful and optimized usage of resources. It also involves well organized size and nodes limited group aggregating mechanism based on the interchange of the group information between the group heads CH. The VMaSC feature reduces the number of heads and increases their steadiness minimizes the utilization of the telephone EPC core architecture. In the proposed grouped topology, appointed heads acts as twofold-interface vehicular nodes with the practicality of WAVE and EPC core interface to make use of EPC core network in VANET. The various key parameters involved are successful packet transfer ratio, delay introduced, control overhead and formed group steadiness, here we put forward the useful planned architecture compared to both combined architectures and replacement approach consisting of routing mechanisms including flooding and head/member based routing via simulations in ns-3. Ns-3 uses the vehicle mobility input from the Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) utility. High reliability of the application can be achieved using the suggested architecture, which helps in achieving effective successful packet transfer ratio at the cost of minimized LTE usage measured by the number of cluster heads in the network.

Keywords:

-